Superconducting spin valve effect in Co/Pb/Co heterostructures with insulating interlayers

• Andrey A. Kamashev,
• Nadir N. Garif’yanov,
• Aidar A. Validov,
• Vladislav Kataev,
• Alexander S. Osin,
• Yakov V. Fominov and
• Ilgiz A. Garifullin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 457–464, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.41

• the two magnetic layers. Common knowledge suggests that this spin valve effect, which is due to the S/F proximity effect, is most pronounced in the case of perfect metallic contacts at the interfaces. Nevertheless, in our structures with intentionally deteriorated interfaces, we observed a significant

• superconducting spin valves. Keywords: ferromagnet; insulator layers; proximity effect; superconducting spin-valve; superconductor; Introduction Models and specific realizations of the superconducting spin valve (SSV) have been the subject of intensive research over the past 25 years [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9

• sufficient detail, and recent results indicate that significant values of the SSV effect have already been achieved in F1/F2/S structures [35][36][39]. Since the principle of a SSV relies on the S/F proximity effect, which is confined to the interface between the S and F layers, particular attention was paid

Spin dynamics in superconductor/ferromagnetic insulator hybrid structures with precessing magnetization

• Yaroslav V. Turkin and
• Nataliya Pugach

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 233–239, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.22

• magnetization with a maximum appearing at high temperatures. It is also shown that the increase of the magnetization precession frequency can drastically change the spin distribution of quasiparticles at the S/FI interface. Keywords: ferromagnetic resonance; proximity effect; superconducting spintronics

• a consistent theory of the inverse proximity effect is one of the central topics of modern superconducting spintronics. There is a series of theoretical papers [7][16][17][18][19] describing spin current injection and induced magnetization generation in microscopic [7][16] and quasiclassical [17][18

• proximity effect”. Distributions of spin current and induced magnetization were calculated in recent works [20][21], where the authors investigate spin current flow through Josephson-like trilayer structures. The proximity effect is the penetration of superconducting correlations in an adjacent

Frontiers of nanoelectronics: intrinsic Josephson effect and prospects of superconducting spintronics

• Anatolie S. Sidorenko,
• Horst Hahn and
• Vladimir Krasnov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 79–82, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.9

• magnetic proximity effect at a ferromagnetic–insulator–superconductor (FIS) interface was investigated through combined experimental and theoretical work [25]. Manifestations of nonlinear features in magnetic dynamics and current–voltage characteristics of the 0 Josephson junction in superconductor

Density of states in the presence of spin-dependent scattering in SF bilayers: a numerical and analytical approach

• Tairzhan Karabassov,
• Valeriia D. Pashkovskaia,
• Nikita A. Parkhomenko,
• Anastasia V. Guravova,
• Elena A. Kazakova,
• Boris G. Lvov,
• Alexander A. Golubov and
• Andrey S. Vasenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1418–1431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.117

• behavior of DOS dependencies on magnetic and spin–orbit scattering times is discussed. Keywords: density of states; Josephson junctions; proximity effect; superconductivity; superconductor/ferromagnet hybrid nanostructures; Introduction It is well-known that superconductivity can be induced in a non

• -superconducting metal in hybrid structures due to the proximity effect [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. For instance, in NS bilayers (where N denotes a normal metal and S denotes a superconductor), the superconducting correlations penetrate into the normal metal layer over a characteristic decay length ξn = where Dn is

• oscillations can be described in the diffusive limit in the framework of the so-called Usadel equations, which are written in terms of the quasiclassical Green’s functions. This approach proved to be very powerful for the description of the proximity effect in diffusive superconducting hybrids [1][2][3][8][9

Experimental and theoretical study of field-dependent spin splitting at ferromagnetic insulator–superconductor interfaces

• Peter Machon,
• Michael J. Wolf,
• Detlef Beckmann and
• Wolfgang Belzig

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 682–688, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.60

• field, we find good agreement between theory and experiment. The theory depends only on very few parameters, mostly specified by the experimental setup. We determine the effective spin of the interface moments as J ≈ 0.74ℏ. Keywords: circuit theory; magnetism; proximity effect; superconductivity

• ; tunneling; Introduction The proximity effect between superconductors and ferromagnets has been investigated intensively in recent years [1][2], giving rise to the field of superconducting spintronics [3][4]. Among the emergent phenomena are π-junctions [5][6], reentrant and multiperiodic reentrant

• superconductivity [7][8], the triplet proximity effect [9][10][11], and implementations of superconducting switches and spin valves based on either the singlet or triplet proximity effect [12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Furthermore, the spin-dependent density of states due to the proximity of a magnetic insulator is

Tunable superconducting neurons for networks based on radial basis functions

• Andrey E. Schegolev,
• Nikolay V. Klenov,
• Sergey V. Bakurskiy,
• Igor I. Soloviev,
• Mikhail Yu. Kupriyanov,
• Maxim V. Tereshonok and
• Anatoli S. Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 444–454, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.37

• proximity effect. The typical spin valve [55][56][57] is a hybrid structure containing at least a pair of ferromagnetic (FM) layers with different coercive forces. Variations in the relative orientation of their magnetizations change the spatial distribution of the superconducting order parameter. In the

• layers supports the superconducting order parameter and increases the efficiency of the spin valve effect [58]. Here, we propose a development of this approach, allowing one to significantly increase the effective variations in the kinetic inductance. We study proximity effect and electronic transport in

In situ transport characterization of magnetic states in Nb/Co superconductor/ferromagnet heterostructures

• Olena M. Kapran,
• Roman Morari,
• Taras Golod,
• Evgenii A. Borodianskyi,
• Vladimir Boian,
• Andrei Prepelita,
• Nikolay Klenov,
• Anatoli S. Sidorenko and
• Vladimir M. Krasnov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 913–923, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.68

• Functional Nanostructures, Orel State University named after I.S. Turgenev, 302026, Russia 10.3762/bjnano.12.68 Abstract Employment of the non-trivial proximity effect in superconductor/ferromagnet (S/F) heterostructures for the creation of novel superconducting devices requires accurate control of magnetic

• of the superconducting order parameter, Δ, distribution in a S/F ML similar to S2 [48]. It provides a qualitative understanding of the modulation of the proximity effect in the ML in P (red) and AP (blue) states. A thick bottom S-layer, Nb(50 nm), acts as a Cooper pair reservoir and is only modestly

• curves is caused by something else. First of all, as we mentioned in the Introduction, the triplet order parameter can be generated in the noncollinear states between P and AP states [4][5][6][34][37]. It can lead to a reverse proximity effect due to enhanced leakage of Cooper pairs into F-layers [6][20

A review of defect engineering, ion implantation, and nanofabrication using the helium ion microscope

• Frances I. Allen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 633–664, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.52

• backscattered electrons from the substrate and the secondary electrons they generate. In contrast, for ion beam lithography, the sensitivity gain can be orders of magnitude higher and the proximity effect is dramatically reduced, due to the much lower propensity of the ions to backscatter. However, before the

• lucrative alternative, combining the benefits of the tightly focused probe and low sputter yield of the light ions with the high resist sensitivity and greatly reduced proximity effect afforded by the ion beam-based method. Reviews of HIBL can be found in [104][105]. Sub-10 nm patterning Resist-based HIBL

• reduced proximity effect, due to negligible backscatter of the helium ions and thus negligible presence of second-generation secondary electrons, that together would otherwise cause feature blurring. The beam–sample interactions involved in the exposure of the resist are summarized schematically by

Functional nanostructures for electronics, spintronics and sensors

• Anatolie S. Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1704–1706, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.152

• functional nanostructures consisting of alternating layers of ferromagnetic and superconducting materials – has been observed. Due to the proximity effect of superconductor/ferromagnetic (S/F) layers and Andreev reflection of Cooper pairs at the S/F interface, a number of new phenomena were first

Controlling the proximity effect in a Co/Nb multilayer: the properties of electronic transport

• Sergey Bakurskiy,
• Mikhail Kupriyanov,
• Nikolay V. Klenov,
• Igor Soloviev,
• Andrey Schegolev,
• Roman Morari,
• Yury Khaydukov and
• Anatoli S. Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1336–1345, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.118

• We present both theoretical and experimental investigations of the proximity effect in a stack-like superconductor/ferromagnetic (S/F) superlattice, where ferromagnetic layers with different thicknesses and coercive fields are made of Co. Calculations based on the Usadel equations allow us to find

• ) heterostructures can be used for construction of tunable cryoelectronic elements, such as switches, Josephson junctions and inductors [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Here, we present theoretical and experimental investigations of an S/F “stranded wire” with a controllable proximity effect. The wire is composed of

• stacking periods. It is demonstrated that the magnetization switching results in modulation of superconductivity in the superlattice with a corresponding change in the kinetic inductance of the superconducting parts of the wire core, due to the inverse proximity effect. We argue that this effect

An atomic force microscope integrated with a helium ion microscope for correlative nanoscale characterization

• Santiago H. Andany,
• Gregor Hlawacek,
• Stefan Hummel,
• Charlène Brillard,
• Mustafa Kangül and
• Georg E. Fantner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1272–1279, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.111

• sensitivities to helium ion irradiation than to electron irradiation in terms of charge per area [14]. Patterning resolution down to 4 nm has been demonstrated on HSQ resist [15], surpassing electron beam lithography, which greatly suffers from the proximity effect. In a combined AFM–HIM setup, the AFM could be

• higher resist sensitivity, reduced proximity effect and small spot size [15]. Upon ion beam exposure, chain scission occurs leaving the exposed region soluble in a suitable developer. Very high ion doses also break short side chains that later cross-link, allowing PMMA to be also used as a negative

Proximity effect in [Nb(1.5 nm)/Fe(x)]₁₀/Nb(50 nm) superconductor/ferromagnet heterostructures

• Yury Khaydukov,
• Sabine Pütter,
• Laura Guasco,
• Roman Morari,
• Gideok Kim,
• Thomas Keller,
• Anatolie Sidorenko and
• Bernhard Keimer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1254–1263, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.109

• , and re-entrant superconductivity as evidence of nonuniform LOFF-states [17][18][19][20]. Apart from the interest in basic science, the proximity effect in S/F structures has great technological importance for the creation of spintronics devices, where the transport properties of the structure are

• . This thick superconducting layer will act as a reservoir of superconducting pairs, which will be transferred to the SL using the proximity effect. The aim of this work is the study of structural, magnetic and superconducting properties of such S/F heterostructures. Experimental Growth conditions and

• superconductor layers would allow direct measurements of the proximity effect using PNR [41]. Conclusion We studied the structural, magnetic and superconducting properties of [Nb(1.5 nm)/Fe(x)]10 superlattices deposited on a thick Nb(50 nm) layer. Our investigation showed that a high deposition temperature of

3D superconducting hollow nanowires with tailored diameters grown by focused He⁺ beam direct writing

• Rosa Córdoba,
• Alfonso Ibarra,
• Dominique Mailly,
• Isabel Guillamón,
• Hermann Suderow and
• José María De Teresa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1198–1206, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.104

• relatively large Ga+ beam diameter (approx. 5 nm) and a high proximity effect generated by Ga+ ion scattering. Regarding a higher spatial resolution, the helium ion microscope (HIM) [27], based on a gas field-ionization source, has emerged as a tool for direct writing of complex 3D nano-objects taking

• advantage of its small beam diameter (approx. 0.3 nm) and low proximity effect [28]. When precursor molecules from the gas phase are adsorbed on a substrate surface, He+ FIB dissociates them into non-volatile and volatile products. The non-volatile products attach to the surface, resulting in a deposit

A Josephson junction based on a highly disordered superconductor/low-resistivity normal metal bilayer

• Pavel M. Marychev and
• Denis Yu. Vodolazov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 858–865, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.71

• of the junction [10] or at a distance from it [11][12]. The resistance and the position of the shunt play an important role and they can lead to a reduction of the junction characteristics because of the proximity effect or a very small shunt resistance. In [13][14], it was proposed to use a variable

• proximity effect, the gap in the relatively thin S layer (dS ≤ 1.5ξc) is also suppressed in comparison with a single S layer, which permits heat diffusion from the N to the S layer in SN banks. In the S constriction being in the resistive state at I > Ic the superconducting order parameter is also

• junction based on a high-resistivity superconductor and a low-resistivity normal metal. In [15], from comparison of experiment and theory it was concluded that the Usadel model underestimates proximity-induced superconductivity in the N layer and overestimates the inverse proximity effect in the S layer in

Epitaxial growth and superconducting properties of thin-film PdFe/VN and VN/PdFe bilayers on MgO(001) substrates

• Wael M. Mohammed,
• Igor V. Yanilkin,
• Amir I. Gumarov,
• Airat G. Kiiamov,
• Roman V. Yusupov and
• Lenar R. Tagirov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 807–813, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.65

• , at 7.2 K for the Pd0.96Fe0.04/VN structure and at 6.1 K for the VN/Pd0.92Fe0.08 structure with the critical temperature decreasing due to the proximity effect. Contrary to expectations, all transitions were very sharp with the width ranging from 25 mK for the VN film to 50 mK for the VN/Pd0.92Fe0.08

• allowing to see only the proximity effect of the ferromagnetic layer on the properties of the superconducting VN layer, the latter was deposited in one run for all studied samples. To do this, we mounted two 10 × 5 × 0.5 mm3 MgO substrates close and parallel to each other on the sample holder and used a

• the proximity effect [28]. This may shift the material operation temperature close to or even below the LHeT. With the iron content x in Pd1−xFex alloy below 0.08 its magnetic properties meet all the requirements for the F-layer in superconducting spintronic S/F/S-type structures, i.e., it is a weak

Anomalous current–voltage characteristics of SFIFS Josephson junctions with weak ferromagnetic interlayers

• Tairzhan Karabassov,
• Anastasia V. Guravova,
• Aleksei Yu. Kuzin,
• Elena A. Kazakova,
• Shiro Kawabata,
• Boris G. Lvov and
• Andrey S. Vasenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 252–262, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.19

• interlayers, which we attribute to DOS energy dependencies in the case of small exchange fields in the F layers. Keywords: current–voltage characteristics; Josephson junctions; proximity effect, superconductivity; superconductor/ferromagnet hybrid nanostructures; Introduction It is well known that

• , which leads to the observation of many striking phenomena. The reason is the superconducting proximity effect, i.e., the superconducting correlations leakage into a ferromagnetic metal due to Andreev reflection [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. As a consequence, the real part of the pair wave function exhibits

• damped oscillatory behavior in a ferromagnetic metal. Hence, since the oscillations are spatially dependent, it is possible to realize a transition from “0” to “π” phase states in S/F/S structures upon changing the F layer thickness [1]. The proximity effect is characterized by the two length scales of

Superconducting switching due to a triplet component in the Pb/Cu/Ni/Cu/Co₂Cr_1−xFe_xAl_y spin-valve structure

• Andrey Andreevich Kamashev,
• Nadir Nurgayazovich Garif’yanov,
• Aidar Azatovich Validov,
• Joachim Schumann,
• Vladislav Kataev,
• Bernd Büchner,
• Yakov Victorovich Fominov and
• Ilgiz Abdulsamatovich Garifullin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1458–1463, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.144

• , 5, 021019, in achieving large values of the switching effect. Keywords: ferromagnet; proximity effect; superconductor; Introduction For decades, metallic thin-film heterostructures have been in the in the focus of fundamental research in condensed matter physics and materials science. They show

Alloyed Pt₃M (M = Co, Ni) nanoparticles supported on S- and N-doped carbon nanotubes for the oxygen reduction reaction

• Stéphane Louisia,
• Yohann R. J. Thomas,
• Pierre Lecante,
• Marie Heitzmann,
• M. Rosa Axet,
• Pierre-André Jacques and
• Philippe Serp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1251–1269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.125

• (vide infra) do not support this hypothesis, since the binding energy of Pt 4f electrons is consistent with Pt(0) in these two catalysts. Another hypothesis could be the particle proximity effect. Speder et al. show the influence of the distance of the neighboring particles on the ORR activity [75]. In

Biomimetic synthesis of Ag-coated glasswing butterfly arrays as ultra-sensitive SERS substrates for efficient trace detection of pesticides

• Guochao Shi,
• Mingli Wang,
• Yanying Zhu,
• Yuhong Wang,
• Xiaoya Yan,
• Xin Sun,
• Haijun Xu and
• Wanli Ma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 578–588, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.59

• layer of molecules (submonolayer to monolayer thickness) is adsorbed on the surface of the Ag-G.b.-20 substrate [33]. In the range of relatively low concentration, because all the probe molecules of CV are directly (or closely) adsorbed on the Ag-G.b.-20 substrate surface and SERS exhibits a proximity

• effect, the Raman signal intensities increase sharply as the probe molecule concentrations increase. In additon, Qin et al. [34] showed that in the high-concentration region (10−5 M to 10−3 M), the linear relationships were piecewise due to multilayer adsorption. EF calculation and 3D finite-difference

Transport signatures of an Andreev molecule in a quantum dot–superconductor–quantum dot setup

• Zoltán Scherübl,
• András Pályi and
• Szabolcs Csonka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 363–378, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.36

• using second-order perturbation theory in the SC-QD tunneling term HT,SC. This procedure yields a 16-dimensional low-energy effective Hamiltonian for the double QD, which describes the superconducting proximity effect of the SC lead on the double QD. Here, we describe this effective Hamiltonian and the

Charged particle single nanometre manufacturing

• Philip D. Prewett,
• Cornelis W. Hagen,
• Claudia Lenk,
• Steve Lenk,
• Marcus Kaestner,
• Tzvetan Ivanov,
• Ahmad Ahmad,
• Ivo W. Rangelow,
• Xiaoqing Shi,
• Stuart A. Boden,
• Alex P. G. Robinson,
• Dongxu Yang,
• Sangeetha Hari,
• Marijke Scotuzzi and
• Ejaz Huq

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2855–2882, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.266

• ”. Scanning helium ion beam lithography has the advantages of virtually zero proximity effect, nanoscale patterning capability and high sensitivity in combination with a novel fullerene resist based on the sub-nanometre C60 molecule. The shot noise-limited minimum linewidth achieved to date is 6 nm. The

• encouraging early work at Cambridge University and elsewhere [17][19] scanning ion beam lithography (SIBL) was largely ignored for several decades. This was in spite of the higher sensitivity of most resists under ion bombardment and the near absence of the proximity effect that plagues EBL. Backscattered

• quasi-proximity effect. This is not due to ion backscattering but rather to the shape of the focused ion beam which on the scale of 10 nm or so, exhibits a “halo” in which the central Gaussian spot is surrounded by a second broader lower-intensity region [21][22]. These limitations historically

Pattern generation for direct-write three-dimensional nanoscale structures via focused electron beam induced deposition

• Lukas Keller and
• Michael Huth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2581–2598, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.240

• the current writing area. Additionally, deposition events in a given spatial region of the growing 3D deposit lead to a decrease of the total available precursor molecules in this region, thus also influencing the deposition rate in nearby regions (proximity effect). These effects have to be taken

• with regard to minimizing the proximity effect. This yields good results but is computationally expensive and not necessary for all geometries. First we describe a computationally cheaper solution: From the locations {P3D} of all DEs to be processed in a given frame (F) the barycenter PF is calculated

• input. Small distances should result in a large cost. For larger distances the calculated cost should drop. For very large distances the cost should not decrease significantly since there is no improvement in avoiding the proximity effect by jumping very far distances. But a too positive evaluation for

Increasing the performance of a superconducting spin valve using a Heusler alloy

• Andrey A. Kamashev,
• Aidar A. Validov,
• Joachim Schumann,
• Vladislav Kataev,
• Bernd Büchner,
• Yakov V. Fominov and
• Ilgiz A. Garifullin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1764–1769, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.167

• Heusler film as compared to Fe. This enables to approach an almost ideal theoretical magnitude of the switching in the Heusler-based multilayer with a F2 layer thickness of ca. 1 nm. Keywords: ferromagnet; proximity effect; spin valve; superconductor; Introduction Historically, the first concept to

• /Pb has been investigated in detail with the focus on the S/F proximity effect very recently. It was shown [25] that the degree of the spin polarization of the conduction band of the HA film amounts to 30% for the films prepared at a particular substrate temperature of Tsub = 300 K during the growth

Spatial Rabi oscillations between Majorana bound states and quantum dots

• Jun-Hui Zheng,
• Dao-Xin Yao and
• Zhi Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1527–1535, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.143

• real systems. Majorana bound states have been theoretically proposed in several systems [9][6][5][20][13], while the experiments concentrate on semiconductors with spin–orbit coupling and the superconducting gap that is induced by the superconducting proximity effect [21][24][25][19]. One promising

Robust topological phase in proximitized core–shell nanowires coupled to multiple superconductors

• Tudor D. Stanescu,
• Anna Sitek and
• Andrei Manolescu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1512–1526, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.142

• superconducting proximity effect is incorporated through the pairing potential , 1 ≤ ≤ 2n associated with each chain. Note that, in principle, the induced pairing potential may be chain-dependent. The low-energy physics of the hybrid structure is described by the following Bogoliubov–de Gennes (BdG) Hamiltonian